2016: Problem 7

Topic: Oscillatory Motion
Concepts: Forces in mechanics, Mass-spring system, Simple harmonic motion


Solution:

Suppose the springs have equilibrium length ll and spring constant kk. If we displace the mass mm by distance xx parallel to the spring, the spring force FF is given by

F=kΔl=k(l2+x2l)F=k\Delta l=k(\sqrt{l^2+x^2}-l)

Then the restoring force is

Fr=2Fcosθ=2k(l2+x2l)xl2+x2=2kx(1ll2+x2)F_r=-2F\cos\theta=-2k(\sqrt{l^2+x^2}-l)\frac{x}{\sqrt{l^2+x^2}}=-2kx\left(1-\frac{l}{\sqrt{l^2+x^2}}\right)

For finite xx, the magnitude of this restoring force is less than the simple harmonic force FSHM=2kxF_{\text{SHM}}=-2kx so the actual acceleration of the mass is less than the assumed simple harmonic acceleration. Hence, the period TT is longer than the SHM period

TSHM=2πm2kT_{\text{SHM}}=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{2k}}

As x,FrFSHMx \rightarrow \infty, F_r \rightarrow F_{\text{SHM}} so TTSHMT \rightarrow T_{\text{SHM}}. Since T>TSHMT>T_{\text{SHM}} at small displacements, TT decreases as xx increases. Thus, the answer is C.

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