2015: Problem 24

Topic: Other
Concepts: Standing waves, Tensile strength, Wave speed in string


Solution:

Recall the wavelength of the fundamental mode is given by λ=2L\lambda=2L. The fundamental frequency ff is then

f=vλ=v2Lf=\frac{v}{\lambda}=\frac{v}{2L}

Since the speed of a wave in a string is given by

v=TM/Lv=\sqrt{\frac{T}{M/L}}

we have

f=12LTM/LT1/2M1/2f=\frac{1}{2L}\sqrt{\frac{T}{M/L}} \propto T^{1/2}M^{-1/2}

since we are considering strings of the same length.

In terms of the radius rr, the maximum possible tension Tr2T \propto r^2 since it is determined by the tensile strength (force per area) of the material. The mass Mr2M \propto r^2 since the volume of the string is proportional to its area. Then

f(r2)1/2(r2)1/2=1f \propto (r^2)^{1/2}(r^2)^{-1/2}=1

so the frequency is independent of radius. Thus, the answer is A.

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