2015: Problem 22

Topic: Rigid Bodies
Concepts: Energy dissipation, Limiting cases, Rolling down inclined plane


Solution:

Recall the acceleration of an object rolling without slipping down an incline is given by

a=gsinθ1+βa=\frac{g\sin\theta}{1+\beta}

where the object has moment of inertia I=βmr2I=\beta mr^2. For small enough θ\theta, static friction is large enough to provide sufficient torque since

τ=fr=Iα=βmr2α\tau=fr=I\alpha=\beta mr^2\alpha

Using a=rαa=r\alpha as the object is rolling without slipping,

f=βma=βmgsinθ1+βf=\beta ma=\frac{\beta mg\sin\theta}{1+\beta}

so we see that the required friction force f0f \rightarrow 0 as θ0\theta \rightarrow 0. Thus, the object rolls without slipping (no energy loss) for some range of angles 0<θ<θc0<\theta<\theta_c.

On the other end, if θ=90\theta=90^{\circ} then the object drops vertically and there is also no dissipation. In between when θc<θ<90\theta_c<\theta<90^{\circ}, the object is rolling with slipping so there is energy dissipation. Going a bit past θc\theta_c leads to a small amount of slipping (and energy loss) since the friction force changes continuously. Hence, the only graph that accounts for all these features is C.

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